Then, chapter 9, 10, and 11 is where Paul defends ⁓ God’s righteousness, that is God’s faithfulness, his keeping his word to the physical Jews. In the first verses of chapter 9, he says, I’m not a renegade Jew. I love my
people, they have a zeal for God, but they haven’t got the message, you see. And so he says that God made promise to the physical Jews, that is Abraham’s children through Jacob. And their response to a critic would be this, if that were true, then since the mass of the Jewish people have not received the blessings,
then God’s faithfulness is called in question. At least your gospel calls it into question. And Paul responds essentially to it with this. They are not all Israel, which are of Israel.